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Name	Size	Permission	Date
App	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Archive	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
Attribute	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
B	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
CPAN	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Class	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Compress	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
Config	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
DBM_Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Devel	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Encode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
ExtUtils	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
File	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Getopt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
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IO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
IPC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
JSON	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
LWP	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2021-09-16 10:45
Locale	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
Log	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
Math	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Memoize	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Net	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
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PerlIO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
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Test	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
Text	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Thread	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Tie	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Time	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
URI	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2021-09-16 10:45
Unicode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
User	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
Version	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
encoding	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
overload	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
pod	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
unicore	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
vendor_perl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-13 09:57
warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-01-28 05:34
AnyDBM_File.pm	2.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
AutoLoader.pm	14.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
AutoSplit.pm	19.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Benchmark.pm	27.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
CORE.pod	2.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
CPAN.pm	132.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:44
DB.pm	18.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
DBM_Filter.pm	14.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
DirHandle.pm	1.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Dumpvalue.pm	16.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
English.pm	4.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
FileCache.pm	5.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
FileHandle.pm	6.62 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
FindBin.pm	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
LWP.pm	21.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2013-03-11 17:33
Memoize.pm	34.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
NEXT.pm	18.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
PerlIO.pm	10.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Safe.pm	24.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
SelectSaver.pm	1.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
SelfLoader.pm	16.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Symbol.pm	4.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Test.pm	28.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
Thread.pm	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
UNIVERSAL.pm	6.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
URI.pm	33.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2012-03-25 16:47
XSLoader.pm	9.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
_charnames.pm	29.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
autouse.pm	4.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
base.pm	6.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
bigint.pm	17.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
bignum.pm	18.23 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
bigrat.pm	14.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
blib.pm	2.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
bytes.pm	2.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
bytes_heavy.pl	758 B	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
charnames.pm	19.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
deprecate.pm	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
diagnostics.pm	17.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
dumpvar.pl	14.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
feature.pm	11.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
fields.pm	9.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
filetest.pm	3.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
if.pm	1.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
integer.pm	3.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
less.pm	3.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
locale.pm	2.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
lwpcook.pod	9.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2012-02-11 10:02
lwptut.pod	24.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2012-02-11 10:02
open.pm	7.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
overload.pm	52.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
overloading.pm	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
perl5db.pl	302.79 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
perlfaq.pm	94 B	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
sigtrap.pm	7.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
sort.pm	5.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
strict.pm	3.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
subs.pm	845 B	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
utf8.pm	7.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
utf8_heavy.pl	30.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
vars.pm	2.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
vmsish.pm	4.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57
warnings.pm	18.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-01-13 09:57

Rename

package AnyDBM_File;
use warnings;
use strict;

use 5.006_001;
our $VERSION = '1.01';
our @ISA = qw(NDBM_File DB_File GDBM_File SDBM_File ODBM_File) unless @ISA;

my $mod;
for $mod (@ISA) {
    if (eval "require $mod") {
	@ISA = ($mod);	# if we leave @ISA alone, warnings abound
	return 1;
    }
}

die "No DBM package was successfully found or installed";

__END__

=head1 NAME

AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

NDBM_File, DB_File, GDBM_File, SDBM_File, ODBM_File - various DBM implementations

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use AnyDBM_File;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module is a "pure virtual base class"--it has nothing of its own.
It's just there to inherit from one of the various DBM packages.  It
prefers ndbm for compatibility reasons with Perl 4, then Berkeley DB (See
L<DB_File>), GDBM, SDBM (which is always there--it comes with Perl), and
finally ODBM.   This way old programs that used to use NDBM via dbmopen()
can still do so, but new ones can reorder @ISA:

BEGIN { @AnyDBM_File::ISA = qw(DB_File GDBM_File NDBM_File) }
    use AnyDBM_File;

Having multiple DBM implementations makes it trivial to copy database formats:

use Fcntl; use NDBM_File; use DB_File;
    tie %newhash,  'DB_File', $new_filename, O_CREAT|O_RDWR;
    tie %oldhash,  'NDBM_File', $old_filename, 1, 0;
    %newhash = %oldhash;

=head2 DBM Comparisons

Here's a partial table of features the different packages offer:

odbm    ndbm    sdbm    gdbm    bsd-db
			 ----	 ----    ----    ----    ------
 Linkage comes w/ perl   yes     yes     yes     yes     yes
 Src comes w/ perl       no      no      yes     no      no
 Comes w/ many unix os   yes     yes[0]  no      no      no
 Builds ok on !unix      ?       ?       yes     yes     ?
 Code Size               ?       ?       small   big     big
 Database Size           ?       ?       small   big?    ok[1]
 Speed                   ?       ?       slow    ok      fast
 FTPable                 no      no      yes     yes     yes
 Easy to build          N/A     N/A      yes     yes     ok[2]
 Size limits             1k      4k      1k[3]   none    none
 Byte-order independent  no      no      no      no      yes
 Licensing restrictions  ?       ?       no      yes     no

=over 4

=item [0]

on mixed universe machines, may be in the bsd compat library,
which is often shunned.

=item [1]

Can be trimmed if you compile for one access method.

=item [2]

See L<DB_File>. 
Requires symbolic links.

=item [3]

By default, but can be redefined.

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

dbm(3), ndbm(3), DB_File(3), L<perldbmfilter>

=cut